It might start as a prank, a careless text, or even a social media post. But in Singapore, causing public alarm is not taken lightly—and for good reason. The law treats any act that creates unnecessary fear or panic with seriousness, especially if it disrupts public peace or safety.
If you’re wondering about the penalties and examples of causing public alarm in Singapore, this blog lays it all out in a straightforward, relatable way.
From fake bomb threats to misleading information during sensitive periods, these acts can land someone in real legal trouble. And no, saying “just kidding” won’t get you out of it.
What Does It Mean To Cause Public Alarm In Singapore?
Causing public alarm in Singapore isn’t just about running into a crowd and shouting something outrageous. It covers a wide range of actions—some intentional, others careless—that stir unnecessary fear, confusion, or panic among the public. This can be something as blatant as making a fake bomb threat, or something more subtle like forwarding a false message about food shortages or riots during a tense time.
What matters most is the effect your actions have on people. Did it cause fear? Did it lead others to panic or take unnecessary action?
The authorities are particularly firm on such offences because Singapore places a strong emphasis on public order, trust in official communications, and the efficient use of emergency services. One person’s reckless joke or misinformed message could lead to widespread panic, traffic jams, unnecessary evacuations—or worse.
Even if you didn’t mean to cause harm, the law still applies. In many cases, the Court doesn’t need to prove your intention. If the result of your action is panic or alarm, that alone can land you in legal trouble.
Penalties And Examples Of Causing Public Alarm In Singapore
Singapore has a reputation for being safe and orderly—and part of that comes down to how seriously it treats public safety offences. The penalties for causing public alarm can be steep, depending on how the act was carried out and the consequences that followed. Below are some of the more common types of situations where the law steps in:
1. Fake Threats, Especially Involving Violence or Bombs
Threats about explosives, terrorist attacks, or mass violence are never treated lightly—even if made in jest. These often trigger large-scale emergency responses involving police, bomb squads, or evacuation teams.
Example: A man once called in a false bomb threat to a shopping centre. It caused massive disruption, and although no real danger existed, he was sentenced to jail.
Legal Outcome: Charged under the Penal Code. Offenders may face up to 7 years in prison, a fine, or both.
2. Spreading False Information During National Crises
This is especially common during public health scares, national emergencies, or high-alert situations. Forwarding messages that claim things like lockdowns, disease outbreaks, or impending riots—when untrue—can cause widespread panic.
Example: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a man circulated a message falsely claiming a nationwide lockdown. The result? Supermarkets flooded with people panic buying.
Legal Outcome: He was prosecuted under the Miscellaneous Offences (Public Order and Nuisance) Act, which allows for up to 3 years imprisonment and/or a $10,000 fine.
3. False Reports To Authorities
Calling the police or emergency services with a fake report not only causes panic—it also wastes precious time and resources that could be used to help real victims.
Example: A woman told police her child had fallen into a canal. Dozens of officers were deployed for hours before it was revealed to be untrue.
Legal Outcome: Offenders can be charged under Section 177 of the Penal Code, facing up to 3 years in jail, a fine of up to $5,000, or both.
4. Social Media And Fake News
With platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, and Telegram, false information spreads faster than ever. Even sharing an altered photo or unverified rumour can be enough to cause alarm.
Example: A man posted an edited video suggesting a riot was breaking out near a train station. Although fake, the clip gained traction and sparked concern.
Legal Outcome: Charged under POFMA (Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act), which can lead to a fine of up to $50,000, jail of up to 5 years—or both.
Difference Between Public Nuisance And Public Alarm
At first glance, public nuisance and public alarm might sound similar—after all, both involve disturbing others in a public setting. However, in Singapore law, these two are handled quite differently because of the nature and impact of the offence.
Public nuisance generally refers to behaviour that inconveniences or annoys the public, without necessarily causing fear or panic. Think of it as disruptive but not dangerous. Examples include being rowdy in public, blocking a footpath, blasting music late at night, or creating a mess in shared spaces. The offence is typically handled under Section 268 of the Penal Code, which covers any act that causes common injury, danger, or annoyance to the public.
On the other hand, causing public alarm involves actions that spark fear, panic, or confusion—especially when it relates to safety, emergencies, or false information. These offences are treated more seriously, especially if they lead people to evacuate, call emergency services, or make rushed decisions out of fear.
Conclusion About Examples And Penalties Of Causing Public Alarm In Singapore
In Singapore, the penalties and examples of causing public alarm are not just theoretical—they’re real, and they carry consequences. What may seem like a minor act can snowball into something much more serious? If you’re unsure about the legal implications of an action or if you’ve already been charged, it’s best to speak to someone who knows the system inside and out.
Tembusu Law is here to help. With the best criminal lawyers in Singapore, we provide clear, honest advice and strong legal support. If you or someone you know is facing charges, reach out to us today. A quick conversation could make all the difference.
Contact us today and get a free legal consultation!
Frequently Asked Questions About Examples And Penalties Of Causing Public Alarm In Singapore
Can You Be Charged Even If You Didn’t Intend To Cause Alarm?
Yes, you can. In many cases, intent is not the deciding factor. The Court will focus on the impact of your action and whether a reasonable person would have felt alarmed or distressed by it.
What Law Covers Public Alarm Offences In Singapore?
These offences are covered under various laws, including the Penal Code, the Miscellaneous Offences (Public Order and Nuisance) Act, and in certain online cases, the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA).
Are There Different Penalties For Online And Offline Offences?
Yes. Online offences may attract harsher penalties, especially if they fall under POFMA. Depending on the circumstances, fines can go up to $50,000 and jail terms may extend up to 5 years.
Can A Minor Be Charged For Causing Public Alarm?
Yes, minors can be charged. However, the Court may consider their age and maturity when deciding the sentence. Alternatives like probation or reformative training may be used instead of jail time.
What Should I Do If I Receive A Message That May Cause Alarm?
Do not forward it. Take a moment to verify the message through trusted sources like government websites or official news outlets. If in doubt, report it to the police rather than spreading it further.
