Police Investigation Process In Singapore: 5 Steps You Must Know

by 22 January 2025Knowledge & Insights

The police investigation process in Singapore is a structured and transparent system designed to ensure justice while safeguarding the rights of everyone involved. Whether you’re filing a report, providing information, or under investigation, understanding this process can make a daunting experience far more manageable.

In this article, we’ll break down the five essential steps of the police investigation process, offering a clear guide to help you navigate it confidently.

1. Initiation Of The Investigation

The police investigation process in Singapore begins when a First Information Report (FIR) is lodged. This is the formal report made to the police about a suspected offence, serving as the starting point for an investigation.

Individuals can file an FIR in various ways: by visiting a police station, calling the emergency hotline (999), or using the Singapore Police Force’s e-Services portal. The person making the report is known as the complainant.

Once the FIR is recorded, the police assess its details to determine whether an offence has been committed and decide on the next steps. They classify the offence as either arrestable or non-arrestable:

  • Arrestable Offences: These involve serious crimes, such as robbery, drug trafficking, or physical assault, where the police can arrest a suspect without needing a warrant.
  • Non-Arrestable Offences: These are less severe crimes, such as verbal harassment or minor disputes, that do not require a warrant for an arrest.

This classification guides the urgency and scope of the investigation. For example, arrestable offences are treated with more immediate action due to their potential impact on public safety.

For complainants, providing accurate and detailed information in the FIR is crucial. This helps the police clearly understand the incident and allocate resources effectively to pursue leads and gather evidence.

 

2. Collection Of Statements And Evidence

After the police initiate the investigation, the next police investigation procedure involves collecting evidence to establish the facts of the case. This step is crucial in determining whether there is a sufficient basis for legal action. Evidence collection typically includes the following:

A. Recording Of Statements

The police will interview the complainant, witnesses, and any potential suspects. These statements are recorded to capture each party’s account of the incident. Under Singapore law, individuals must provide truthful information during these interviews. Failure to do so can lead to legal consequences, such as charges for giving false statements under the Penal Code.

B. Search And Seizure

The police may search premises or seize items relevant to the case to gather physical evidence. In most situations, search warrants are required to ensure the legal process is followed. However, exceptions may be made in urgent situations, such as when there is a risk of evidence being destroyed.

C. Forensic Analysis

Collected evidence is often subjected to forensic examination to uncover critical details. This may include:

  • DNA Testing: Used to link suspects to a crime scene.
  • Digital Forensics: Analysing electronic devices for data like emails, messages, or other relevant records.
  • Ballistics Testing: In cases involving firearms.

Each method helps strengthen the investigation by providing objective and reliable evidence.

D. Surveillance And Monitoring

In certain cases, the police may employ surveillance techniques to gather additional information about suspects or activities related to the offence. This is done under Singapore’s legal guidelines to avoid overreach or breach of privacy.

This step aims to build a comprehensive picture of the case, ensuring that any subsequent legal action is backed by strong and credible evidence. Individuals involved in the investigation—whether as witnesses, suspects, or complainants—should cooperate fully with lawful requests while being mindful of their legal rights.

 

3. Arrest And Detention (If Applicable)

If sufficient evidence points to a suspect’s involvement in an offence, the police may proceed with an arrest. Under Singapore law, arrest and detention are carefully regulated to ensure due process and protect individuals’ rights.

Once arrested, suspects have specific rights under Singapore law, including the right to legal representation. While suspects cannot contact a lawyer immediately upon arrest, they have the right to do so within a reasonable time.

After an arrest, the police can detain a suspect for up to 48 hours without filing formal charges. If the investigation requires more time, the police must seek approval from a Magistrate to extend the detention. This ensures that detentions are not arbitrary and are subject to judicial oversight.

In some cases, the suspect may be released on bail, which allows them to remain free while investigations continue. The police or the Court determine bail conditions, which must be adhered to strictly.

4. Referral To The Attorney-General’s Chambers (AGC)

Once the police have completed their investigation, they compile their findings into a detailed report and refer the case to the Attorney-General’s Chambers (AGC). The AGC plays a vital role in deciding the next course of action based on the evidence presented. This step ensures that prosecution decisions are fair, impartial, and aligned with Singapore’s legal framework.

The AGC thoroughly evaluates the investigation report, which includes statements, forensic evidence, and other relevant materials collected by the police. The purpose is to assess whether the evidence is sufficient to support a charge in Court and whether it meets the threshold for prosecution.

After reviewing the evidence, the AGC determines how the case will proceed. There are three possible outcomes:

  • Prosecution: If the evidence is strong, the AGC will formally charge the suspect and initiate legal proceedings in Court.
  • Issuance of a Warning: For less severe cases or first-time offences, the AGC may issue a Stern Warning or Conditional Warning. These are not criminal convictions but serve as formal warnings to the individual.c
  • No Further Action: If the evidence is insufficient or if the prosecution is not in the public interest, the AGC may decide to drop the case.

If the AGC decides to prosecute, the suspect will be formally charged and informed of the specific offence. For cases where warnings are issued or no further action is taken, the individual will be notified accordingly.

 

5. Conclusion Of The Investigation

The final step in the police investigation process in Singapore involves concluding the case based on the decisions made by the Attorney-General’s Chambers (AGC). This stage ensures that all parties are informed of the outcome and that justice is appropriately administered.

Once the AGC has made its decision, the police notify the relevant parties, including:

  • The Complainant: They are informed of whether the case will proceed to prosecution, result in a warning, or be closed.
  • The Suspect: If charges are brought, the suspect will receive formal notification detailing the offence they are accused of. If the case is closed or a warning is issued, the suspect will be informed accordingly.

If Prosecution is initiated, the case moves to Court, where the accused will face formal charges. The accused is entitled to defend themselves during trial, with the opportunity to present evidence and call witnesses.

If the case is closed, a warning is issued, or if the evidence is insufficient or prosecution is deemed unnecessary, the investigation concludes without further legal action.

The conclusion of the investigation provides closure to all parties involved. For complainants, it signifies the end of their role in the legal process unless they are called to testify in Court. For suspects, it determines whether they will face charges or other consequences. Throughout this stage, transparency and communication ensure that everyone understands the outcome and next steps, if any.

 

Conclusion About Singapore’s Police Investigation Procedures

Singapore’s police investigation steps are designed to uphold justice and ensure fairness for all parties involved. From filing a report to the conclusion of an investigation, the process is systematic, transparent, and firmly grounded in the law.

Navigating this process can be daunting, whether you are a complainant, witness, or suspect. Having the right legal support makes all the difference.

At Tembusu Law, our experienced criminal lawyers in Singapore are dedicated to guiding you through each investigation stage with professionalism and care. If you need legal advice or representation, contact us today for a free consultation and let us help you protect your rights.

 

Frequently Asked Questions About Singapore’s Police Investigation Process

What Happens After A Police Report Is Filed In Singapore?

Once a police report is filed, the police evaluate the information to determine if an offence has occurred. They classify it as an arrestable or non-arrestable offence, which dictates the next steps. An Investigation Officer (IO) is assigned to gather evidence, interview relevant parties, and manage the case.

Can The Police Arrest An Individual Without A Warrant?

Yes, for arrestable offences such as theft, robbery, or assault, the police can arrest a suspect without a warrant. For non-arrestable offences, like public nuisance or verbal threats, the police require a warrant issued by the Court.

How Long Can Someone Be Detained Without Being Charged?

Under Singapore law, a suspect can be detained for up to 48 hours without being formally charged. If the police require more time to investigate, they must seek approval from a Magistrate to extend the detention period.

What Happens If There Is Insufficient Evidence To Charge Someone?

The Attorney-General’s Chambers (AGC) may decide not to pursue prosecution if the evidence is insufficient. In some cases, the suspect may receive a Stern Warning or Conditional Warning instead of being charged, or the case may be closed entirely.

About the author

About the author

Tembusu Law

Jonathan is the Founder and Managing Director of Tembusu Law. He is also the founder of LawGuide Singapore, a prominent legaltech startup which successfully created and launched Singapore’s first legal chatbot in 2017.

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