You might assume that a small protest, silent gathering, or public awareness walk is harmless. But in Singapore, these activities can quickly become legal concerns if they are not handled the right way.
Many people do not realise that public events, even those involving just one person, may require prior approval from the authorities. What seems like a peaceful expression can be considered unlawful without a permit, especially when it takes place in public spaces or involves sensitive topics.
This article breaks down how the Public Order Act governs public assemblies and processions. You will find out which events need a permit, what happens if you do not get one, and how to stay compliant. If you are planning or joining any kind of public gathering, this guide is for you.
The Role Of The Public Order Act In Public Assemblies And Processions
The Public Order Act Singapore regulates public assemblies and processions by requiring organizers to obtain a police permit before conducting such events in public places. This law aims to ensure that these activities do not compromise public safety or order.
Under Section 5 of the Public Order Act 2009, any public assembly or procession must receive prior approval from the Commissioner of Police. This requirement applies to gatherings intended to express support for or opposition to views or actions, publicize causes, or commemorate events. By mandating permits, the Act seeks to balance individuals’ rights to assemble with the broader need to maintain public order.
What Is A Public Assembly Or Procession?
Public Assembly Meaning
A public assembly refers to a gathering or meeting of individuals held in a public place or one that is open to the general public. This includes events where people are invited, induced, or permitted to attend.
According to the Public Order Act, a public assembly encompasses any gathering with the purpose of demonstrating support for or opposition to views or actions, publicizing causes or campaigns, or commemorating events. Notably, even a single person can constitute a public assembly if the intent aligns with these purposes.
Public Procession Meaning
A public procession involves a group of individuals moving together from one location to another in a public area. This movement is typically organized to express support or opposition to views or actions, publicize causes, or commemorate events.
The Public Order Act 2009 defines a public procession as a march, parade, or similar movement, regardless of whether it involves vehicles. Even a solitary individual can be considered part of a public procession if the activity serves the aforementioned purposes.
What Is Considered A Public Assembly In Singapore?
In Singapore, the classification of an event as a public assembly depends on several factors:
|
Criteria |
Considered a Public Assembly? |
| Held in a public place | Yes |
| Open invitation to the general public | Yes |
| Purpose is social or recreational only | No |
| Involves discussion of sensitive topics | Yes |
| Organized by or includes non-citizens | Yes |
| Held within private premises | No, unless open to the public |
It’s important to note that certain events may be exempt from requiring a permit under the Public Order (Exempt Assemblies and Processions) Order 2009. However, these exemptions are specific and limited.
Where Can Public Assemblies Be Held In Singapore?
Definition Of Public Places Under The Public Order Act
A “public place” is any location accessible to the public, either by right or through permission, regardless of whether a fee is charged. This includes areas that may have restricted access at certain times or for specific purposes. Additionally, it encompasses parts of private premises that are ordinarily open to the public. This definition is outlined in Section 2 of the Public Order Act 2009.
Restrictions Based On Location And Sensitivity
While public assemblies can occur in various public places, certain areas have restrictions due to their significance or sensitivity. For instance, areas near government buildings or places of national importance may have stricter controls. Organizers must be aware of these restrictions and obtain the necessary permits.
Furthermore, the Public Order (Unrestricted Area) Order 2009 designates specific areas, like the Speakers’ Corner at Hong Lim Park, where Singapore citizens can hold assemblies without a permit, provided certain conditions are met. However, events involving non-citizens or topics related to religion or race still require permits, even at these locations.
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It’s essential for organizers to consult the relevant authorities and understand the specific requirements and restrictions of their chosen venue before planning a public assembly.
Common Events Considered Public Assemblies Or Processions
Examples From Everyday Life
Some activities that seem ordinary may still be classified as public assemblies or public processions under the Public Order Act Singapore, especially if held in public areas. The classification depends on the event’s purpose, setting, and whether it involves movement or expression of views.
Below is a simple reference table:
| Activity | Classification | Permit Required? |
| Religious assembly (e.g. prayer rally) | Public Assembly | Yes |
| Chariot or lantern procession | Public Procession | Yes |
| Public talk in a park | Public Assembly | Yes |
| Wedding at a private venue | Not a Public Assembly | No (Exempted) |
| Sporting event (e.g. marathon) | Public Procession | No (Exempted if criteria met) |
| Press conference at hotel | May qualify as Public Assembly | No (Exempted) |
| Funeral procession | Public Procession | No (Exempted) |
Some events are exempt under the Public Order (Exempt Assemblies and Processions) Order 2009, but exemptions only apply if specific conditions are met. These include approvals from other agencies or holding the event in non-sensitive areas.
Large Group Gatherings Without A Permit
Even casual or seemingly harmless gatherings may be regulated if they involve large groups in public spaces. This includes informal events like flash mobs or drinking in public during restricted hours or in liquor control zones such as parts of Little India and Geylang.
According to the Public Order Act, size isn’t the only factor. If the gathering involves expressing opinions, promoting causes, or commemorating events, a police permit may still be required—even for a single person.
Always check whether your activity falls under regulated or exempted categories before organizing it in a public setting.
When Do You Need A Police Permit For Public Assemblies?
Police Permit Rules Under The Public Order Act
Under the Public Order Act 2009, a police permit is required for any public assembly or procession held in a public place if the purpose is to:
- Demonstrate support for or opposition to the views or actions of any person, group, or government.
- Publicize a cause or campaign.
- Mark or commemorate any event.
This applies even if the assembly involves only one person. The relevant provisions can be found in Sections 5 and 6 of the Act.
Legal Consequences For Not Having A Permit
Holding or taking part in a public assembly or procession without a permit is an offence under the Public Order Act 2009.
|
Offence |
First-Time Penalty |
Repeat Penalty |
| Organising without a permit | Fine up to $5,000 | Up to $10,000 fine or up to 6 months’ jail, or both |
| Participating without a permit | Fine up to $3,000 | Fine up to $5,000 |
These penalties aim to maintain order and safety in public spaces. Organisers are responsible for complying with all permit conditions once approval is granted.
How To Apply For A Police Permit In Singapore
Required Documents And Eligibility
To apply for a police permit for a public assembly or procession, you must be the organiser or an authorised representative. The event must fall under the types regulated by the Public Order Act 2009, such as those promoting causes, commemorating events, or expressing opinions.
The application must include the following documents:
|
Document |
Purpose |
File Format |
| Floor Plan | Shows layout of the event area | PDF, JPG, PNG, DOC (max 2 MB) |
| Programme | Lists the event’s schedule or key segments | PDF, JPG, PNG, DOC (max 2 MB) |
| Route Map (if applicable) | Required for processions involving movement | PDF, JPG, PNG, DOC (max 2 MB) |
Some events, such as weddings or funerals, are exempt if they meet the requirements in the Public Order (Exempt Assemblies and Processions) Order 2009. No permit fee is charged for exempt events. For all other public assemblies or processions, the permit fee is $50.
How Long The Application Process Takes
The usual processing time for a police permit is about 14 working days from the day the application and supporting documents are received.
If the event requires road or lane closures, a road closure permit must be applied for separately through the Traffic Police. This must be submitted at least 30 days before the event. Road closure applications require maps showing affected roads, traffic signs, and deployment plans.
Where To Apply (Online Or In-Person)?
Permit applications must be submitted online through the GoBusiness Licensing Portal. In-person submissions are not required.
You will need to prepare your documents before starting the online application. The portal guides you through each step and lets you upload your documents directly.
Be sure to apply early to avoid delays, especially if your event involves road closures or non-standard setups.
Real-Life Case Examples And Court Decisions
One known case involved an individual charged in 2020 for holding demonstrations in public places without the required police permits. The first charge was related to a solo protest held on the steps of the former State Courts in 2018, a location classified as a prohibited area under the Public Order (Prohibited Areas) Order 2009. He was prosecuted under Section 15(2) of the Act and faced a potential fine of up to $5,000.
He was also charged for another incident in 2020 involving a protest staged near the Toa Payoh Central Community Club. As he had a previous conviction under Section 16(1)(a), this second offence was dealt with under Section 16(2)(a) and punishable under Section 16(3)(b), carrying a similar fine limit.
These examples reinforce the importance of securing proper authorisation before planning any public gathering. While freedom of expression is protected, it must follow the rules set under the Public Order Act Singapore. The Speakers’ Corner remains the designated space where Singaporeans can assemble more freely, as long as certain legal conditions are met.
Conclusion About Public Order Act In Singapore
The Public Order Act in Singapore plays a central role in regulating public assemblies and processions to ensure safety, order, and harmony in shared spaces. It defines what counts as a public assembly or procession, outlines when permits are needed, and sets out clear penalties for non-compliance. Understanding this law is key to exercising your rights responsibly without facing legal consequences.
If you’re unsure whether your event requires a permit or if you’re dealing with a charge related to unlawful assembly, Tembusu Law can guide you through the legal process. Our experienced criminal lawyers provide straightforward advice and strong legal representation tailored to your needs. Even one conversation can help you make informed decisions and avoid costly mistakes.
Contact us today for a free legal consultation.
Frequently Asked Questions About Public Order Act In Singapore
What Is The Public Order Act In Singapore?
The Public Order Act is a law that regulates public assemblies, processions, and related activities to maintain public safety and order.
What Is Considered A Public Assembly In Singapore?
A public assembly involves one or more persons gathering in a public place to support or oppose views, publicise a cause, or mark an event.
Do I Need A Permit For Every Public Assembly Or Procession?
Yes, unless the event qualifies for an exemption under the Public Order (Exempt Assemblies and Processions) Order 2009.
What Is A Public Procession?
It refers to any organised movement of people, on foot or using vehicles, through public spaces for purposes like promoting a cause or commemorating an event.
Can A Single Person Be Involved In A Public Assembly?
Yes, even a one-person protest can be classified as a public assembly if the intent matches the legal definition under the Public Order Act.
Where Can I Hold A Public Assembly Without A Permit?
Singaporeans may do so at Speakers’ Corner in Hong Lim Park, provided all conditions under the law are met.
What Happens If I Organise A Public Assembly Without A Permit?
You may be fined up to $5,000 for a first offence, and face higher penalties or jail if it happens again.
